技術デューデリジェンスとは?目的と調査のポイントを解説

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技術デューデリジェンスとは、M&Aの交渉を進める段階で実施する必要性が高い調査・審査です。

M&Aで譲受側が譲渡側の技術に着目している場合では、特に早期に実施する必要があります。

この記事では技術デューデリジェンスの目的と調査内容、実施の際に重要なポイントを解説します。

技術デューデリジェンスとは

技術デューデリジェンスとはM&Aで、譲渡側の企業が持つ技術資源の調査と分析による審査です。

技術面からM&Aをする価値の有無や、企業の数値的価値を評価します。

技術デューデリジェンスはM&A後にシナジー効果による新しい価値を創出できる可能性や、即活用できる技術基盤を持っていることを確認するプロセスです。

技術デューデリジェンスの目的

技術デューデリジェンスの目的は、M&Aによる価値とリスクを技術の観点から審査することです。

今後の技術動向を加味し、統合によって新しい資産価値を生み出せるかを評価することを目指します。

また、資金調達力を軸にして、譲渡側が保有している技術による利益獲得の可能性を調査することも目的のひとつです。

技術デューデリジェンスに必要な項目

技術デューデリジェンスで調査・審査が必要な項目は、譲渡側の企業のビジネスモデルやM&Aのストラクチャーによって違います。

ここでは、技術デューデリジェンスで一般的に調査の必要性が高い項目を説明します。

技術デューデリジェンスの対象項目一覧

技術デューデリジェンスでは、技術に関連する調査対象の項目が多数あります。

重要項目を以下にリストにしました。

  • 技術に関連する知的財産権
  • 技術ノウハウ
  • 技術・研究開発の基盤
  • 技術プロセス
  • 技術資料
  • ソフトウェア
  • ハードウェア
  • ライセンス契約
  • セキュリティ基盤

技術の存在を確認するだけでなく、技術資料として操作手順書などが整えられていて継続性があることも重要な要素です。

ソフトウェアやハードウェアなどの技術に関連する保有財産も調査項目として不可欠です。

技術リスクの管理の観点では、ライセンス契約やセキュリティ基盤が重要項目です。

技術の一部が他社にライセンスされていたり、情報漏えいによって貴重な技術データが財産として使えなくなるリスクを調査する必要があります。

技術の競争優位性の分析

M&Aでは、競争優位性のある新しい技術や製品を生み出せることが重要です。

技術そのものに競争優位性があるか、シナジーによって新しい競争力を導き出せるかを分析・評価します。

補完的な技術が存在する可能性もあるため、競合調査をして価値判断をする必要があります。

技術リスク・設備リスクの評価

技術や設備の調査を通してリスク評価をすることは、技術デューデリジェンスの重要な目的です。

技術があっても特許侵害をしていて行使できない、設備が充実していても労働安全衛生法などの法令を遵守していないといった場合があります。

技術デューデリジェンスでは、M&A後に起こり得るトラブルを広い視野で想定して評価することが大切です。

技術デューデリジェンスの重要なポイント

技術デューデリジェンスではM&A後のPMIを見据えた調査・審査が重要です。

ここでは調査の時点から焦点を置くべきポイントを解説します。

基盤技術・途上技術の分類調査

技術デューデリジェンスでは、譲渡側の企業の技術を分類して調査することがポイントです。

基盤技術として確立されている場合、利益性や自社技術との調和性があればすぐにシナジーが生まれます。

しかし、途上技術の場合には当面の投資が必要です。

実用化にようやく到達した段階の戦略技術を保有している場合にも、自社の営業や販売との親和性が高ければ売上を向上させられるでしょう。

技術の分類調査をして評価することがM&Aの成功につながります。

他のデューデリジェンスと並行して調査する

技術デューデリジェンスは、M&Aで必要な他のデューデリジェンスと並行して進めることが欠かせません。

技術はITや知財とのかかわりが深く、事業に関連する場合もあります。

技術が知財化されているなら、同時に調査した方が効率的でコストも下げられます。

IT企業とのM&Aでは、ITデューデリジェンスと技術デューデリジェンスに重複が発生するでしょう。

最終的な譲渡側の企業の値付けにもデューデリジェンスの統合的な実施が重要です。

調査効率を向上させてM&Aのタイミングを早められる可能性もあります。

技術は他の項目との関連性が深いので、デューデリジェンスを並行して実施しましょう。

まとめ

技術デューデリジェンスは、M&Aによって譲渡側の技術や設備の価値とリスクを調査し、統合後にシナジーを生み出せることを確認するためのプロセスです。

技術を強みとする企業とのM&Aでは、その技術を客観的な視点で調査・審査し、M&Aをする価値があると判断するための根拠が必要です。

技術デューデリジェンスによって技術基盤を網羅的に評価し、M&Aの可否を判断することで成功する流れを生み出せます。

この記事を書いた人

中小企業診断士。慶應義塾大学環境情報学部卒。「DXと地域貢献」を理念とし、中野区・新宿区を中心とした中小企業経営相談や経営セミナーを実施。近年PMIの重要性を肌で感じ本事業に参画。

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