PMI計画書を作成してM&A後のプロセスを進める上で、100日プランは大きな役割を果たします。
100日プランの策定のタイミングや書き方によって、M&Aの成功の可否が別れることもあるので慎重に検討することが大切です。
この記事ではPMI計画書における100日プランの位置付けと、作成する上で押さえておくべきポイントを解説します。
PMI計画書の100日プランの位置付け
PMI計画書ではプレPMIの段階で全体計画に加えて、ランディングプランと100日プランを定めるのが標準的です。
PMIで初期に取り組むのがランディングプランと100日プランですが、PMI計画書での位置付けには違いがあります。
ランディングプランとは？
ランディングプランとは、M&A後の3ヶ月～6ヶ月を目安に速やかに取り組むべき統合内容を定めた計画です。
PMIでは1年計画が基本なので、前半には統合すべき内容を盛り込みます。
経営体制や組織構成、人事評価制度や就業規則などの各種制度・規則・規程の統合が代表的です。
これにはITシステムの統一化や業務フローの見直しも含まれます。
そして事業の中長期的計画の策定もランディングプランに記載するのが一般的です。
100日プランとランディングプランの関係
100日プランは、ランディングプランを実行してM&A後の理想的な企業運営を実現することを目的としています。
そして、初期に集中的に取り組まなければならない内容についての作業計画でもあります。
PMI計画書の中でも100日プランは優先度が高く、早急に解決すべき課題が中心になっています。
ランディングプランの中でも短期的・中期的な視点で、M&A直後に取り組むべき項目をピックアップして具体化することで100日プランを作成します。
PMI計画書全体における100日プランの役割
PMI計画書の全体計画の中で、100日プランは統合を進める下地作りとリスク対策をする役割があります。
譲受側と譲渡側が協力してPMIに取り組む関係を樹立し、意欲的にシナジー効果を生み出す取り組みを進める気概を生み出す役割を果たします。
また、コンプライアンス対応や労働安全衛生管理などの課題を早急に改善して、統合後のグループ経営でのリスクマネジメント体制を整えることが100日プランの役割です。
100日プランを策定する時期
100日プランは、M&Aのクロージング前のプレPMIの時点で策定するのが適切です。
PMI計画書はM&Aの基本合意ができた時点から作成を始めて、ランディングプランと100日プランは少なくとも用意しておく必要があります。
クロージングをしてPMIの段階になったときに、100日プランが完成していなければPMIの取り組みを始められません。
プレPMIの段階で、経営者とキーパーソンの間で協議をして100日プランを作成しましょう。
PMI計画書の100日プランを策定するポイント
PMI計画書を作成するときに、100日プランはM&Aの成功の鍵になります。
ここでは100日プランの策定で押さえておくべきポイントを解説します。
デューデリジェンスで課題を確認する
プレPMIでデューデリジェンスを実施して課題を明確にすることが重要です。
100日プランの策定では解決すべき課題の優先順位を決めて、早急に取り組むべき課題を具体化します。
譲渡側の課題を網羅的に調査して課題を洗い出すことは欠かせません。
中期的ビジョンで全体を計画する
100日プランは中期的ビジョンを持って計画することが必要です。
目下必要な統合を推進しなければならないのは確かですが、統合に多段階が必要で中期的な取り組みが求められることもあります。
例えば、両社の従業員間で良好な関係を醸成するには時間がかかりがちです。
すぐに取り組まなければならない項目をランディングプランと照らし合わせながら絞り込み、100日プランの取り組み方を明確にすることが重要です。
3W1HをPMI計画書に記述する
100日プランを策定するときには具体性が必要です。
PMIに入った時点で速やかに実行しなければならないのが100日プランの特徴だからです。
誰が、何を、いつまでに、どのようにして実行するか（3W1H）をPMI計画書に記述しましょう。
実行方法については基本計画として、効果検証を受けて変更できるように柔軟なつくりにしておくとPMIを進めやすくなります。
まとめ
PMI計画書の中で最も初期に取り組むべき内容を100日プランにまとめ、M&A後に速やかにPMIを推進できるように準備することがM&Aの成功につながります。
PMI計画書の中で100日プランは最も具体性を求められる計画です。
ランディングプランや中期計画との関係も考慮して、初期に取り組んで成果を出せる項目を選んで100日プランを立てましょう。
3W1Hに基づき、100日での実行プランを具体化してPMI計画書にまとめると企業統合を効率的に開始できます。
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