PMIでの統合プロセスの中で、組織文化は大きな障害になります。
しかし、組織文化を統一させることはM&A後に前向きに協力する組織を作り上げるためには欠かせません。
この記事ではPMIで組織文化を整えて、M&Aを成功させるためのポイントを解説します。
M&Aでは組織文化の違いが課題
M&Aでは、譲受側と譲渡側の組織文化の違いによって統合に困難が生じることがよくあります。
M&A 後の統合を推進するために、PMIで組織文化について解決しなければならない課題を解説します。
組織文化の種類が違っていて統合が難しい
企業によって組織文化の種類が違い、統合が難しいのが課題です。
家族文化、階層文化、イノベーション文化、マーケット文化などの組織文化の分類方法がありますが、同じ種類の文化に属していても企業ごとに醸成されてきた文化が異なります。
例えば、同じ階層文化に属していても年功序列か実力主義か、実績主義かによって企業文化は違います。
同じ種類の組織文化なら融合させやすいですが、細かな部分はすり合わせることが必要です。
醸成されてきた組織文化からの脱却が難しい
組織文化は組織で働く上での行動規範や考え方に相当します。
同じ組織で長く働いてきた従業員ほど深く組織文化に染まっていて、脱却するのが困難です。
醸成されてきた組織文化からの脱却は組織単位でも個人単位でも難しいため、統合の際にどのように両社の間ですり合わせるかが大きな課題です。
M&AのPMIで組織文化を融合する必要性
PMIではなぜ組織文化を融合させる必要があるのでしょうか。
組織文化をすり合わせて整えることが必要な理由を確認しておきましょう。
各種制度や業務フローの統合につながる
M&Aでは譲受側と譲渡側が制度や業務フローなどのさまざまな観点で統合し、シナジー効果を生み出すことで成功につながります。
組織文化が異なると制度や業務に対する考え方が合わず、統合によって不満が広がることになりがちです。
PMIの初期から組織文化の統合に努めることで、PMI段階での他の統合の取り組みが円滑に進むようになります。
価値観が統一されてチームワークが強化される
PMIで組織文化を統一すればチームワークが強化されます。
仕事の価値観に共感できるようになり、互いに協力して事業を進める意欲が高まります。
PMIを通して譲受側と譲渡側が一致団結する下地を形成するために、組織文化の融合は必要な取り組みです。
従業員の退職やモチベーションの低下を防ぐ
M&Aによって生まれた新しい組織が居心地が悪いと、従業員の退職を招くことになります。
PMIで組織文化を統合して醸成していくことにより、従業員が働きやすく、モチベーションを上げられる環境を構築することが可能です。
PMIで組織文化の融合を成功させるポイント
譲受側と譲渡側の組織文化の融合を成功させるためには、PMI推進の段階で押さえるべきポイントがあります。
ここではPMIの初期段階から必要な観点を解説します。
譲受側と譲渡側の一方の組織文化にしない
組織文化は譲受側と譲渡側では異なります。
一方の組織文化を他方に押し付けると、受け入れられない従業員のモチベーションが低下してしまいます。
両社の強みを生かすように組織文化を融合させることが成功のポイントです。
プレPMIの段階でそれぞれの組織文化を比較対照し、長所を取り入れる計画を立てましょう。
新しい体制での理想の組織文化を明確化する
PMIの初期段階では、従業員のモチベーションを重視して融合を進めることが大切です。
しかし、中期的にはM&A後の新しい体制にマッチした組織文化を築き上げましょう。
理想の組織文化を明確化して、年単位の計画で組織文化を醸成していくと新たな力のある組織を構築できます。
ポストPMIでシナジー効果を持つ組織になるために、組織文化について見直しをして理想を追い求めることが重要です。
相互コミュニケーションを促進する
組織文化の醸成には譲受側と譲渡側の経営者、従業員での相互コミュニケーションが欠かせません。
PMIでは経営者や従業員がコミュニケーションを取る機会を作り、信頼関係築き上げることが大切です。
業務を通してのコミュニケーションだけでは十分ではありません。
教育研修や懇親会などを通して、お互いの組織文化を理解し合える機会を用意しましょう。
まとめ
PMIでの組織文化の融合と醸成は、M&A後の組織力を高めるために欠かせない取り組みです。
PMIの初期段階で両社の強みを融合させた組織文化を打ち出しましょう。
そして、相互コミュニケーションを通してお互いの組織文化を理解し、理想形に近づけていくことが重要です。
組織文化の統合は時間がかかりますが、統合が進むにつれて制度や業務の受け入れも進みます。
PMI促進のインフラ作りとして組織文化の統合に初期から取り組みましょう。
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